In a world of frequent shocks, central bank communications should anchor expectations by explaining how policy responds to changing conditions, rather than committing to a fixed path ...

Notes: These representative exchange rates, which are reported to the Fund by the issuing central bank, are expressed in terms of currency units per U.S. dollar, except for those indicated by (1) ...

Many G20 economies face constraints from excessive labor, product-market, or consumer regulations, an IMF survey shows ...

We develop standardized time-series measures of shocks and uncertainty for output growth and inflation across 14 Asia-Pacific economies using data from Consensus Economics survey of professional ...

This note provides operational guidance for the use of the Sovereign Risk and Debt Sustainability Framework (SRDSF), which replaces the Debt Sustainability Framework for Market Access Countries. The ...

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The global economy currently presents a mixed picture. The good news is that inflation has descended from its mid-2022 peak, thanks largely to the concerted efforts of central banks. The IMF conducts ...

International migration is an important channel of material improvement for individuals and their offspring. The movement of people across country borders, especially from less developed to richer ...

This web page provides information on official IMF reports and Executive Board documents in English that deal with the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Our eLibrary offers over 25,000 IMF publications in multiple formats.

The currency value of the SDR is determined by summing the values in U.S. dollars, based on market exchange rates, of a basket of major currencies (the U.S. dollar, Euro, Japanese yen, pound sterling ...

The External Sector Report (ESR) analyzes global external developments and provides updated staff assessments of economies’ external positions, including current account balances, real exchange rates, ...